
Introduction:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, is a milestone document that proclaims the inalienable rights every human being is entitled to — regardless of race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. These rights are the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. Below is a simple breakdown of each article to help us better understand and appreciate these important principles.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Everyone is entitled to all rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating their fundamental rights.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal.
Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a public trial. No one shall be held guilty for any act that was not a crime at the time it was committed.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with their privacy, family, home, or correspondence, nor to attacks upon their honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state, and the right to leave any country, including their own, and to return to their country.
Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of their nationality or denied the right to change their nationality.
Men and women of full age have the right to marry and to found a family, without any limitation due to race, nationality, or religion. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage, and at its dissolution.
Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of their property.
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this includes freedom to change religion or belief, and freedom to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of their country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service. The will of the people shall be the basis of government authority, expressed through regular, genuine elections.
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to economic, social, and cultural rights indispensable for dignity and free development of personality.
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work, and to protection against unemployment. Everyone has the right to equal pay for equal work and to form and join trade unions.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being, including food, clothing, housing, medical care, and necessary social services. Mothers and children are entitled to special care and assistance.
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Education shall promote understanding, tolerance, and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups.
Everyone has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts, and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration can be fully realized.
Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of personality is possible. Rights and freedoms may be subject only to limitations determined by law for securing due recognition of the rights and freedoms of others.
Nothing in the Declaration may be interpreted as giving any State, group, or person the right to engage in any activity aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
Conclusion
Respecting and promoting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not only the duty of governments and institutions but a personal and interpersonal responsibility. In our everyday lives, through our words, actions, and choices, we can foster peace, justice, and prosperity for everyone. Let’s commit to honouring the dignity and rights of every person we encounter — for a better, more just world.